Justin Lee MD

Interventional oncology is a subspecialty of interventional radiology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer using minimally invasive procedures. The goal of interventional oncology is to target and treat cancerous tumors without the need for traditional open surgery. Instead, it utilizes image-guided techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and fluoroscopy to precisely locate and treat cancerous lesions. Interventional oncology procedures can include: Tumor Ablation: This involves using various techniques to destroy or shrink tumors. Common methods include radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation, and cryoablation. These techniques use heat or extreme cold to kill cancer cells. Transarterial Therapies: These procedures involve delivering therapeutic agents directly to the tumor through blood vessels. Examples include transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE), where chemotherapy drugs or radioactive particles are delivered to the tumor site. Percutaneous Tumor Biopsy: This involves using imaging guidance to obtain small samples of tissue from the tumor for diagnostic purposes. Percutaneous Drainage Procedures: In cases where tumors cause fluid buildup, interventional oncology can be used to drain the fluid, relieving symptoms and improving the patient's quality of life. Embolization: This involves blocking blood vessels that supply the tumor, cutting off its blood supply and causing it to shrink. This can be done using various embolic agents. Cryoablation procedure vector illustration. Targeted medical procedure for breast cancer. Minimally invasive tumor treatment. Liquid nitrogen and cryogenic tissue ablation. Interventional oncology procedures are often less invasive than traditional surgical methods, leading to quicker recovery times and reduced overall trauma to the patient. They are typically performed by interventional radiologists who have specialized training in using imaging techniques to guide these procedures. It's important to note that the specific interventional oncology procedures used can vary depending on the type and location of the cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient. These procedures are often part of a multidisciplinary approach to cancer treatment, and the choice of intervention depends on factors such as the size and location of the tumor, the patient's overall health, and the type of cancer being treated.

Treating cancer by minimally invasive means allows a patient to avoid traditional open surgery. In conjunction with the actual treatment, imaging technology is often used to precisely target malignant tissue. Minimally invasive oncologic treatment is effective for many types of cancer, and minimizes the pain, scarring and tissue damage that are often the result of open surgery. Biopsy, ablation, chemoembolization and immunotherapy are all minimally invasive ways of addressing malignancies. Biopsy A biopsy is a procedure in which tissue is removed from a solid mass to determine whether the mass is cancerous. A biopsy is usually performed with imaging guidance to ensure that tissue is removed from the correct area. Small tumors can be completely removed during a biopsy, which makes it a treatment as well as a diagnostic tool. Tumor Ablation Tumor ablation removes tumors and associated cancerous cells from soft tissue through minimally invasive, image-guided procedures. Usually performed on an outpatient basis while the patient is under general anesthesia or conscious sedation, there are several different types of tumor ablation. One of the most common is radiofrequency ablation, which uses heat energy to destroy cancer cells. A needle electrode is inserted into the skin at the tumor site; radiofrequency energy is then used to heat and destroy the tumor. Chemoembolization Chemoembolization combines chemotherapy with embolization. A highly concentrated dose of an anticancer drug, along with an embolic agent (a synthetic material that blocks blood flow in blood vessels), is injected directly into blood vessels that are feeding the tumor. The drug shrinks or destroys the tumor; the embolic agent cuts off the tumor's blood supply. Chemoembolization can be combined with other treatments such as radiation therapy or radiofrequency ablation for maximum effectiveness.

PAE is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate, a condition known as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Here are some key details to help you familiarize yourself with the procedure: What is Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE)? PAE is a non-surgical technique used to reduce the symptoms of an enlarged prostate. It involves the insertion of tiny particles into the blood vessels supplying the prostate gland, leading to a reduction in blood flow. This, in turn, causes the prostate to shrink, alleviating symptoms such as frequent urination, difficulty starting or stopping urine flow, and a sense of incomplete emptying of the bladder. Cartoon Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Infographics Concept Card Poster. Vector How is PAE performed? Preparation: You may be asked to fast for a certain period before the procedure. Your medical team will provide specific instructions tailored to your case. Anesthesia: PAE is typically performed under local anesthesia. You may also receive sedation to help you relax during the procedure. Catheterization: A small catheter is inserted through the blood vessels in the groin area and guided to the arteries supplying the prostate. Embolization: Tiny particles, often made of gelatin or plastic, are injected through the catheter into the blood vessels leading to the prostate. These particles block the blood flow to the prostate, causing it to shrink. Post-Procedure: After the procedure, you will be monitored for a few hours to ensure there are no immediate complications. Most patients can go home on the same day. What are the potential benefits of PAE? PAE has been shown to provide relief from BPH symptoms, including improved urinary function and quality of life. Compared to traditional surgical approaches, PAE is associated with fewer complications, a shorter recovery time, and a lower risk of sexual side effects. What are the potential risks and complications? While PAE is generally considered safe, as with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications. These may include: Pain or discomfort: Some patients may experience mild pain or discomfort at the catheter insertion site. Urinary issues: Temporary worsening of urinary symptoms, such as difficulty urinating or increased frequency, may occur. Infection: Although rare, there is a minimal risk of infection at the catheter insertion site. Allergic reaction: Some individuals may have an allergic reaction to the contrast dye used during the procedure. For most patients this is already known and can be avoided with pretreatment. Your healthcare team will discuss these risks with you in detail and answer any questions you may have. Recovery and Follow-Up: Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days of the procedure. Your healthcare provider will provide specific instructions regarding post-procedure care, medications, and follow-up appointments. It's essential to communicate any unusual symptoms or concerns to your healthcare team promptly. Remember, every patient is unique, and the information provided here is a general overview. Your healthcare provider will tailor the details to your specific case and address any questions or concerns you may have.

Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat certain gynecological conditions, particularly those related to the uterus. This document provides essential information about the procedure, its purpose, risks, benefits, and what to expect before, during, and after the intervention. Procedure Overview: Uterine Fibroid Embolization involves the injection of small particles into the uterine arteries to block blood flow, leading to the shrinkage of uterine fibroids or the reduction of blood supply to abnormal tissue in the uterus. This procedure is commonly used to alleviate symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure. Purpose of the Procedure: UFE is performed to address various gynecological conditions, including uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, and other vascular abnormalities in the uterus. The goal is to reduce symptoms and improve the patient's quality of life without resorting to more invasive surgical options. Fibroids. Diseases of the female reproductive system. Vector illustration in flat cartoon style Risks and Benefits: Benefits: Minimally invasive with a shorter recovery time compared to traditional surgery. Preservation of the uterus, making it a fertility-sparing option. Effective in reducing symptoms such as heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure. Risks: Infection: There is a small risk of infection, typically treated with antibiotics. Embolization of unintended vessels: Rarely, particles may travel to unintended areas, potentially causing complications. Post-embolization syndrome: Temporary symptoms like pain, nausea, and fever may occur but can be managed with medication. Impaired fertility: While fertility is usually preserved, there is a small risk of early menopause in some cases. Preparation: Before the procedure, your healthcare team will provide specific instructions, which may include fasting, medication adjustments, and cessation of blood-thinning medications. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider of any allergies, existing medical conditions, or medications you are currently taking. During the Procedure: UFE is typically performed by an interventional radiologist. You will be given a mild sedative to help you relax. A small incision is made in the groin area, and a catheter is threaded through the blood vessels to the uterine arteries. Contrast dye is injected to visualize the arteries, and then embolic particles are introduced to block blood flow to the targeted areas. After the Procedure: Following UFE, you may experience some discomfort, but this can be managed with pain medications. Most patients can resume normal activities within a week, although recovery times may vary. Close follow-up with your healthcare provider is essential to monitor your progress. Conclusion: Uterine Fibroid Embolization is a valuable option for managing certain gynecological conditions, offering a balance between effectiveness and minimally invasive intervention. Your healthcare team will provide personalized guidance based on your specific medical history and needs. Please feel free to ask any questions or seek clarification regarding the procedure.